Getting Started with UART: A Beginner’s Guide

 




UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is a communication protocol commonly used in microcontrollers and other embedded systems. It allows for serial communication, enabling the transfer of data between two or more devices. Two main components in UART are: a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter converts parallel data from a microcontroller or computer into a serial stream of bits, while the receiver converts the serial stream of bits back into parallel data. The data is transmitted in the form of packets called frames, which consist of a start bit, data bits, optional parity bit, and stop bits.

UART Packet Format

As mentioned above, UART communication involves transmitting data in the form of frames, with each frame consisting of a start bit, data bits, optional parity bit, and stop bit. Details of the frame is as below:

  • The Start Bit: The start bit is a logic low (0) signal that indicates the beginning of the data frame. It is used to alert the receiver that data is about to be transmitted.
  • The Data Bits: The data bits contain the actual data being transmitted. The number of data bits in a frame can vary depending on the application, with 8 bits being the most common. The data bits are transmitted least significant bit first, and can represent any type of information, such as ASCII characters or binary values.
  • The Parity Bit: The parity bit is an optional bit that is sometimes included in the data frame to detect errors during transmission. There are two types of parity: even and odd. In even parity, the parity bit is set to ensure that the total number of 1s in the data bits (excluding the parity bit) is even. In odd parity, the parity bit is set to ensure that the total number of 1s in the data bits is odd. If a bit error occurs during transmission, the parity check will fail and the receiver will know that the data is corrupt.
  • The Stop Bit: The stop bit is a logic high (1) signal that indicates the end of the data frame. It is used to signal the receiver that the data transmission is complete. The stop bit can be one or two bits long, depending on the UART configuration.

For more details, please refer the link shared below:

https://embeddedwala.com/Blogs/DigitalCommunication/Getting_Started_with_UART:_A_Beginners_Guide



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