Getting Started with I2C: A Beginner’s Guide


   Getting Started with I2C

I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) is a two-wire interface developed by Philips Semiconductors in the 1980s to connect low-speed devices such as sensors and microcontrollers. It uses a master-slave architecture, where the master controls communication between devices. The protocol uses only two signal lines, SDA (Serial Data) and SCL (Serial Clock), and a synchronous clock to synchronize communication between the devices.

I2C communication is half-duplex, and pull-up resistors are required on both the SDA and SCL lines.

I2C supports two addressing modes: 7-bit addressing and 10-bit addressing. In 7-bit addressing, each device is assigned a unique 7-bit address. In 10-bit addressing, each device is assigned a unique 10-bit address, and it is used when a large number of devices need to be connected to the I2C bus.

I2C communication starts with a start condition, which is a high to low transition on the SDA line while the SCL line is high. After the start condition, the slave device’s address is sent over the SDA line. Once the slave address is received, the master device can send or receive data from the slave device. The stop condition is a low-to-high transition on the SDA line while the SCL line is high, indicating the end of a communication cycle.

The acknowledge (ACK) signal is sent by the receiver to the sender to indicate that the data has been successfully received.

In a multi-master configuration, any master device can initiate communication with any slave device, and the I2C protocol uses a mechanism called bus arbitration to prevent collisions. Similarly, in a multi-slave configuration, each slave device has a unique address, and the master device can communicate with each slave device by selecting its address. In some cases, a slave device may not be able to process data as quickly as the master device is transmitting it. The I2C protocol uses a mechanism called clock stretching to prevent data corruption.

For more details, please refer the link shared below:

https://embeddedwala.com/Blogs/DigitalCommunication/Getting-Started-with-I2C:-A-Beginners-Guide

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